Cov txheej txheem tsim tawm hydrogen peroxide
Cov txheej txheem tsim tawm hydrogen peroxide
Cov tshuaj formula ntawm hydrogen peroxide yog H2O2, feem ntau hu ua hydrogen peroxide. Qhov tshwm sim yog cov kua tsis muaj xim tsis muaj pob tshab, nws yog ib qho muaj zog oxidant, nws cov tshuaj aqueous yog tsim rau kev kho mob qhov txhab tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob ib puag ncig thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej, nws yuav decompose rau hauv dej thiab oxygen, tab sis tus nqi decomposition yog qeeb heev, thiab qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nrawm los ntawm kev ntxiv cov catalyst - manganese dioxide los yog luv-yoj hluav taws xob.
Lub cev muaj zog
Cov tshuaj aqueous yog cov kua dej tsis muaj xim, soluble hauv dej, cawv, ether, thiab insoluble hauv benzene thiab roj av ether.
Ntshiab hydrogen peroxide yog lub teeb xiav viscous kua nrog lub melting point ntawm -0.43 ° C thiab boiling point ntawm 150.2 ° C. Cov ntshiab hydrogen peroxide yuav hloov nws molecular configuration, yog li lub melting point kuj yuav hloov. Cov khoom ntom ntom ntom ntom nti ntawm qhov taw tes khov yog 1.71 g /, thiab qhov ceev txo qis li qhov kub nce ntxiv. Nws muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntau dua li H2O, yog li nws cov dielectric qhov tsis tu ncua thiab kub kub yog siab dua dej. Ntshiab hydrogen peroxide yog qhov ruaj khov, thiab nws yog decomposed mus rau hauv dej thiab oxygen thaum rhuab mus rau 153 ° C. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias tsis muaj intermolecular hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv hydrogen peroxide.
Hydrogen peroxide muaj zog oxidation nyhuv ntawm cov organic tshuaj thiab feem ntau yog siv los ua oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev.
Cov khoom siv tshuaj
1. Oxidative
(Lead dawb nyob rau hauv cov roj pleev xim [cov hlau lead carbonate] yuav hnov mob nrog hydrogen sulfide nyob rau hauv cov huab cua los ua dub txhuas sulfide, uas yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog hydrogen peroxide)
(yuav tsum tau alkaline nruab nrab)
2. Txo
3. Nyob rau hauv 10 ml ntawm 10% cov qauv tov, ntxiv 5 ml ntawm dilute sulfuric acid test tov (TS-241) thiab 1 ml ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate test tov (TS-193).
Yuav tsum muaj npuas thiab xim ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate ploj. Nws yog acidic rau litmus. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov organic teeb meem, nws yog tawg.
4. Noj 1 g ntawm cov qauv (qhov tseeb rau 0.1 mg) thiab dilute rau 250.0 ml nrog dej. 25 ml ntawm cov tshuaj no tau noj, thiab 10 ml ntawm dilute sulfuric acid test tov (TS-241) ntxiv, tom qab ntawd titration nrog 0.1 mol / L poov tshuaj permanganate. 0.1 mol / L ib ml. Potassium permanganate sib raug rau 1.70 mg ntawm hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2).
5. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov organic teeb meem, tshav kub, liberation ntawm oxygen thiab dej, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm chromic acid, poov tshuaj permanganate, hlau hmoov reacted hnyav. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob decomposition, ib qho kab ntawm cov stabilizer xws li sodium stannate, sodium pyrophosphate lossis lwm yam yuav raug ntxiv.
6. Hydrogen peroxide yog ib qho tsis muaj zog acid: H2O2 = (reversible) = H++ HO2-(Ka = 2.4 x 10-12). Yog li ntawd, peroxide ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem suav tias yog nws cov ntsev.
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb
Kev siv cov hydrogen peroxide yog muab faib ua kev kho mob, kev siv tub rog thiab kev lag luam. Kev tua kab mob txhua hnub yog kev kho mob hydrogen peroxide. Kev kho mob hydrogen peroxide tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv, pyogenic cocci, thiab cov kab mob kab mob, uas feem ntau yog siv rau kev tua kab mob ntawm cov khoom. Hydrogen peroxide muaj cov nyhuv oxidation, tab sis cov concentration ntawm kev kho mob hydrogen peroxide yog sib npaug los yog qis dua 3%. Thaum nws tau so rau ntawm qhov txhab, nws yuav kub hnyiab, qhov chaw yuav oxidized rau hauv cov dawb thiab npuas, thiab nws tuaj yeem ntxuav nrog dej. Tom qab 3-5 feeb Restore cov tawv nqaij qub.
Kev lag luam chemical yog siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, peracetic acid, sodium chlorite, thiourea peroxide, thiab lwm yam, oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm xws li tartaric acid thiab vitamins. Kev lag luam kws tshuaj yog siv los ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab oxidant rau kev tsim cov thiram thiab 40 litres ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Kev lag luam luam ntawv thiab dyeing yog siv los ua cov tshuaj dawb rau cov paj rwb thiab ua cov xim pleev xim rau vat dyeing. Kev tshem tawm cov hlau thiab lwm yam hlau hnyav thaum siv rau hauv kev tsim cov hlau ntsev lossis lwm yam sib xyaw. Kuj tseem siv nyob rau hauv electroplating da dej kom tshem tawm inorganic impurities thiab txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm plated qhov chaw. Kuj tseem siv rau bleaching wool, raw silk, ivory, pulp, rog, thiab lwm yam. High concentrations ntawm hydrogen peroxide yuav siv tau raws li ib tug foob pob ua ntxaij fais fab roj.
Kev Siv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv: Yuav kom muaj qhov tsis hnov tsw ntawm lub lim dej, mus rau lub tsev muag tshuaj mus yuav cov dej hydrogen ntxiv rau cov dej phwj tuaj rau hauv lub lim dej tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej phwj tuaj rau hauv lub lim dej tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej phwj tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej phwj tuaj yeem tshem tawm mus rau hauv lub lim dej tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej phwj tuaj rau hauv lub lim dej tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej phwj tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej phwj tuaj yeem tshem tawm mus rau hauv lub lim dej tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej phwj tuaj rau hauv lub lim dej tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej phwj tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej phwj tuaj yeem tshem tawm mus rau hauv lub lim dej tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej phwj tuaj rau hauv lub lim dej tuaj yeem ntxuav, tshuaj tua kab mob,
3% hydrogen peroxide (qib kho mob) rau qhov txhab tua kab mob.
Kev cai lij choj
Alkaline hydrogen peroxide ntau lawm txoj kev: krypton-muaj cua electrode rau tsim alkaline hydrogen peroxide, tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv hais tias txhua khub ntawm electrodes yog tsim los ntawm ib tug anode phaj, ib tug yas mesh, ib tug cation membrane thiab ib tug helium-muaj cua cathode, nyob rau sab sauv. thiab qis kawg ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm electrode. Muaj ib chav faib khoom rau nkag mus rau hauv cov kua thiab ib chav sau rau tso tawm cov kua, thiab ib tug orifice yog teem nyob rau hauv cov kua inlet, thiab cov multi-component electrode txais ib tug txwv dipole series kev twb kev txuas txoj kev mus lengthen cov yas softness ntawm lub anode circulating. alkali dej inlet thiab qhov hluav taws xob. Tom qab lub raj txuas nrog cov kua sib sau ua ke, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau pawg tau sib sau ua ke los ntawm chav tsev phaj.
Phosphoric acid neutralization txoj kev: nws yog tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv uas nws yog npaj los ntawm ib tug aqueous sodium peroxide tov los ntawm cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
(1) Cov tshuaj aqueous ntawm sodium peroxide yog neutralized rau pH ntawm 9.0 mus rau 9.7 nrog phosphoric acid los yog sodium dihydrogen phosphate NaH2PO4 los ua ib tug aqueous tov ntawm Na2HPO4 thiab H2O2.
(2) Cov tshuaj aqueous ntawm Na2HPO4 thiab H2O2 tau txias rau +5 txog -5 ° C kom feem ntau ntawm Na2HPO4 tau los ua Na2HPO4•10H2O hydrate.
(3) Ib qho kev sib xyaw uas muaj Na2HPO4 • 10H 2 O hydrate thiab cov tshuaj aqueous hydrogen peroxide tau muab cais rau hauv ib lub centrifugal separator kom cais Na 2HPO 4 •10H 2 O muaju los ntawm ib qho me me ntawm Na 2 HPO 4 thiab cov tshuaj aqueous hydrogen peroxide.
(4) Cov tshuaj aqueous uas muaj me me ntawm Na2HPO4 thiab hydrogen peroxide tau evaporated nyob rau hauv lub evaporator kom tau ib tug vapor muaj H2O2 thiab H2O, thiab ib tug concentrated ntsev tov ntawm Na2HPO4 uas muaj hydrogen peroxide tau tawm hauv qab thiab rov qab mus rau lub neutralization tank. .
(5) Lub chav uas muaj H2O2 thiab H2O yog raug rau fractional distillation nyob rau hauv txo siab kom tau li 30% H2O2 khoom.
Electrolytic sulfuric acid txoj kev: electrolyzed 60% sulfuric acid kom tau peroxodisulfuric acid, thiab ces hydrolyzed kom tau ib tug concentration ntawm 95% hydrogen peroxide.
2-Ethyl oxime txoj kev: Txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam nplai yog 2-ethyl oxime (EAQ) txoj kev. 2-ethyl hydrazine ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Lub zog reacts nrog hydrogen nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib tug catalyst los tsim 2-ethylhydroquinone, thiab 2-ethylhydroquinone generates oxygen nrog oxygen ntawm ib tug tej yam kub thiab siab.
Kev txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, 2-ethylhydroquinone raug txo kom ua 2-ethyl hydrazine thiab hydrogen peroxide yog tsim. Tom qab muab rho tawm, cov tshuaj aqueous hydrogen peroxide tau txais, thiab thaum kawg ua kom huv los ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide hnyav kom tau txais cov tshuaj aqueous hydrogen peroxide, feem ntau hu ua hydrogen peroxide. Feem ntau ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog siv los npaj 27.5% hydrogen peroxide, thiab cov concentration ntau dua aqueous hydrogen peroxide tov (xws li 35%, 50% hydrogen peroxide) tuaj yeem tau los ntawm distillation.
Cov khoom muaj feem xyuam
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